In the early 1900s, the Balkans were marked by intense nationalism and political instability, culminating in a series of conflicts known as the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). The First Balkan War saw a coalition of Balkan states, including Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria, successfully fight against the Ottoman Empire to gain territory. The Second Balkan War broke out in 1913 among the former allies over the division of conquered lands, further escalating tensions in the region. These conflicts set the stage for the outbreak of World War I, as they exacerbated national rivalries and alliances.
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