Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, which posited that the Sun, rather than the Earth, is at the center of the universe. This revolutionary idea challenged the long-held geocentric view that placed Earth at the center. Copernicus argued that the planets, including Earth, revolve around the Sun in circular orbits, laying the groundwork for modern astronomy. His work, particularly in "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium," fundamentally changed our understanding of the cosmos.
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