How did east francia and England respond to viking attacks?

East Francia and England responded to Viking attacks through a combination of military resistance and political restructuring. In England, King Alfred the Great implemented a series of defensive measures, including the construction of fortified towns known as burhs and a reorganization of the military to effectively counter Viking invasions. East Francia, meanwhile, relied on local noble families to mobilize forces and negotiate peace treaties, leading to temporary stability but ongoing tensions. Both regions also sought alliances and engaged in diplomacy to mitigate the threat posed by the Vikings.