How does the ozone depletion affect the hydrosphere?

Ozone depletion primarily affects the hydrosphere by increasing the levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and reach the surface, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. Elevated UV radiation can harm aquatic ecosystems, particularly phytoplankton, which are crucial for marine food webs and carbon cycling. This disruption can lead to decreased productivity in these ecosystems, affecting fish populations and overall biodiversity. Additionally, changes in UV levels can alter water chemistry, impacting nutrient availability and the health of marine organisms.