How did some Islamic groups respond to the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia before September 11 2001?

Before September 11, 2001, some Islamic groups, particularly radical factions, expressed strong opposition to the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia, viewing it as a violation of Islamic sovereignty and a humiliation of the holy land. Groups like Al-Qaeda, led by Osama bin Laden, framed the military presence as an affront to Islam, arguing that it supported the corrupt Saudi regime and undermined Muslim unity. This sentiment fueled anti-American rhetoric and contributed to the recruitment efforts of these groups, laying the groundwork for future terrorist attacks.