How is cerebrospinal fluid affeted by meningitis?

In meningitis, the inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord leads to changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Typically, the CSF becomes cloudy or turbid, indicating the presence of increased white blood cells, particularly lymphocytes in viral meningitis, or neutrophils in bacterial meningitis. Additionally, glucose levels may decrease, and protein concentrations often increase, reflecting the inflammatory response and potential disruption of the blood-brain barrier. These alterations in CSF composition are critical for diagnosing and differentiating between types of meningitis.