How did the invention of X-Ray Crystallography allow people to view objects in 3-D?

X-ray crystallography enables scientists to determine the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a crystal by directing X-rays at the crystal and analyzing the resulting diffraction patterns. These patterns provide detailed information about the positions of atoms, allowing researchers to construct a 3-D model of the molecular structure. This technique has been pivotal in fields such as chemistry and Biology, especially for visualizing complex biomolecules like proteins and DNA. Ultimately, it transformed our understanding of molecular architecture and interactions at the atomic level.