How can you tell if food been affected by spoilage microganisns?

You can tell if food has been affected by spoilage microorganisms through several signs, including changes in color, texture, and odor, such as a sour or off smell. Additionally, the presence of slime, mold, or an unusual taste can indicate spoilage. If the food feels excessively slimy or has visible growths, it's best to discard it to avoid potential health risks. Always trust your senses and err on the side of caution with questionable food.