How did quantum mechanics change our understanding of atoms (apex)?

Quantum mechanics revolutionized our understanding of atoms by introducing the concept of wave-particle duality, which describes particles like electrons as both waves and particles. This led to the development of the quantum model of the atom, moving away from the classical Bohr model, and emphasizing the probabilistic nature of electron positions and energies. As a result, the behavior of electrons is described by wave functions and probability distributions, fundamentally altering our comprehension of atomic structure and interactions. This framework has been crucial for advancements in fields such as chemistry and materials science.