The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government with limited authority, emphasizing state sovereignty and a unicameral legislature. The Virginia Plan proposed a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on population, favoring larger states. In contrast, the New Jersey Plan aimed to maintain equal representation for each state in a unicameral legislature, favoring smaller states. Ultimately, the Great Compromise merged these ideas, creating a bicameral legislature with both population-based and equal representation.
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