Which technique involves painting on a freshly plastered wall was popular during the Greek Roman Medieval and Renaissance periods?

The technique you're referring to is called fresco. Fresco involves applying water-based pigments onto freshly laid wet plaster, allowing the paint to bond with the wall as it dries. This method was widely used during the Greek, Roman, Medieval, and Renaissance periods for creating large-scale murals and decorative art in public buildings and churches. The durability and vibrant colors of fresco made it a favored choice for artists of those eras.