How do palagonite form?

Palagonite forms through the alteration of volcanic glass, particularly basalt, during the process of hydrothermal alteration or weathering. This typically occurs when volcanic glass interacts with water, leading to its transformation into a clay-rich material. The process involves the breakdown of the original glass structure, resulting in the formation of minerals such as smectite, zeolite, and iron oxides, which contribute to the palagonite's characteristic properties. The presence of heat and certain chemical conditions can enhance this transformation.