Which forces defeated Rommel in North Africa in 1942 1943?

Rommel's forces in North Africa were ultimately defeated by the Allied troops, primarily consisting of British Commonwealth forces under General Bernard Montgomery and American forces led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Key battles, such as the Second Battle of El Alamein in late 1942 and the subsequent Allied invasion of French North Africa (Operation Torch) in November 1942, significantly weakened the Axis position. The combination of superior logistics, increased manpower, and coordinated Allied strategies led to Rommel's retreat and eventual surrender in 1943.