How did the Progressives sought to create a federal income tax?

Progressives sought to create a federal income tax as part of their broader agenda to address economic inequality and fund social reforms. They believed that a graduated income tax would ensure that wealthier individuals contributed a fairer share to government revenues. The movement gained momentum with the publication of influential works like "The Wealth of Nations" and the increasing visibility of economic disparities during the Gilded Age. Ultimately, their efforts culminated in the ratification of the 16th Amendment in 1913, which allowed Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states.