What is the source of the ATP and NADPH?

ATP and NADPH are primarily generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants. When chlorophyll absorbs sunlight, it drives the photolysis of water, releasing oxygen and generating ATP through photophosphorylation, while NADPH is produced by the reduction of NADP+ using electrons from the photosystems. These molecules are then utilized in the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.