What set off a European scramble for African territories?

The European scramble for African territories was primarily triggered by a combination of economic interests, political competition, and the desire for national prestige during the late 19th century. The Industrial Revolution increased the demand for raw materials and new markets, prompting European powers to seek control over African resources. Additionally, the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the rules for colonization, leading to intense competition among European nations to claim and exploit African land. This period marked a significant expansion of Imperialism, driven by both strategic and ideological motives, including the belief in the superiority of European civilization.