What hardships did the merchants face?

Merchants often faced a variety of hardships, including fluctuating market demands and competition from other traders. They dealt with logistical challenges such as transportation issues, delays, and the risk of theft or loss of goods during transit. Additionally, economic instability, fluctuating prices, and changing trade regulations could significantly impact their profitability and operations. Furthermore, external factors like wars, political unrest, and pandemics could disrupt trade routes and affect their business.