What is Karl Marxs social evolution theory?

Karl Marx's social evolution theory posits that societies evolve through a series of stages driven by changes in the mode of production. He believed that history is characterized by class struggle between the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat), leading to social revolution and the eventual establishment of a classless society. Marx identified the stages of primitive communism, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and socialism in this evolutionary process.