Why were two churches formed during the east-west schism of 1054?

The East-West Schism of 1054 resulted in the formal division between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East due to a combination of theological, political, and cultural differences. Key issues included disputes over papal authority, the filioque controversy regarding the Holy Spirit's procession, and differing practices and liturgies. The mutual excommunications between the Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople solidified this divide, leading to the establishment of two distinct churches with their own beliefs and governance. This schism marked a significant turning point in Christian history, creating a lasting separation that persists to this day.