During which century was American archeology closely linked to physical and social anthropology and linguistics?

Until the 20th Century most world-wide Archaeology, including American, was done as historical archaeology. Meaning archaeologists referred to historical documents and narratives to assist them in locating and excavating sites as well as to help them explain what activities occurred at these sites. In fact many archaeologists of this time spent little time in the field and were called, in anthropological jargon, "armchair archaeologists."

It wasn't until the early decades of the 20th century, that archaeologist began to realize the relevance of the other anthropological fields (i.e. biological, cultural, and linguistic) to their work. Notable figures from this time period include: Lewis Binford, Alfred Kidder, Franz Boas, Alfred Kroeber, Edward Sapir, etc...