What is Most of what we know about pre-literate societies based on?

Most of what we know about pre-literate societies comes from archaeological evidence, oral traditions, and studies of contemporary hunter-gatherer and indigenous communities. Archaeological findings, such as tools, art, and settlement patterns, provide insights into their lifestyles and social structures. Additionally, ethnographic studies of existing societies that maintain oral traditions help researchers infer practices and beliefs of similar past groups. Together, these sources offer a glimpse into the complexities of pre-literate human life.