How do currency exchange rates affect international trade?

Currency exchange rates significantly impact international trade by influencing the relative prices of goods and services between countries. When a country's currency appreciates, its exports become more expensive for foreign buyers, potentially reducing demand, while imports become cheaper, increasing foreign competition for local businesses. Conversely, if a currency depreciates, exports become cheaper and more competitive abroad, potentially boosting sales, while imports become more expensive, which can lead to higher costs for consumers and businesses. Overall, fluctuations in exchange rates can affect trade balances, profitability, and economic relationships between countries.