How does bile back up in the liver?

Bile can back up in the liver due to a blockage in the bile ducts, which can occur from conditions like gallstones, strictures, or tumors. This obstruction prevents bile from flowing into the intestine, causing it to accumulate in the liver. As a result, increased pressure in the bile ducts can lead to liver damage and inflammation, a condition known as cholestasis. Additionally, liver diseases such as cirrhosis can impair bile production and flow, further contributing to the backup.