An independent clause has a subject, a verb, and it can stand on its own and make sense. If I say "This has got to stop!", I have certainly made a complete sentence. On the other hand, a dependent clause may have a subject and a verb, but it can NOT stand by itself and make sense-- it needs its friend, the independent clause to help it.
For example: "While David was waiting for the bus..." That is not a complete sentence-- we don't know what happened while David was waiting. That tells you that it's a dependent clause. So, let's complete it: While David was waiting for the bus, he saw his friend Jerry walking down the street. (Hint: if you see Words like "while," "when," "if", "during" and "as," you probably have a dependent clause.) So, one more example: "David is waiting for the bus." That is an independent clause-- it stands by itself and makes sense. But: "If David misses the bus..." That makes no sense. It's a dependent clause (it depends on an independent clause). Let's fix it: "If David misses the bus, he will be late for school." Now we have a complete sentence, and it makes sense.
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