What is the indications that a given mountain range was not formed by subduction?

If a mountain range was not formed by subduction, there would be a lack of deep oceanic trenches or volcanic arcs associated with the subduction process. Instead, the presence of folded and faulted sedimentary rocks or uplifted blocks of crustal rocks would suggest alternative mechanisms such as continental collision or crustal compression as the cause of the mountain range's formation. Additionally, the absence of volcanic activity related to magma rising from subduction zones would further support the indication that subduction did not play a significant role in the mountain range's formation.