The 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed the federal government to impose an income tax, reflecting Progressive reforms aimed at reducing economic inequality. The 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913 as well, established the direct election of U.S. Senators, enhancing democratic participation and reducing corruption in politics. The 18th Amendment, ratified in 1919, prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, driven by the temperance movement, which sought to improve social conditions. Together, these amendments illustrate the Progressive Era's focus on government reform, social justice, and increased public engagement in the political process.
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