Who led Japan's Tokugawa shoguns to adopt a policy of isolation?

Japan's Tokugawa shoguns adopted a policy of isolation primarily under the leadership of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate. This policy, known as sakoku, was implemented in the early 17th century to limit foreign influence, particularly from European powers and Christianity, and to maintain domestic stability. The shogunate sought to control trade and interactions with foreign nations, allowing only limited contact, primarily with the Dutch and Chinese. This isolation lasted for over two centuries until it was ultimately ended in the mid-19th century.