Why were conditions bad in the middle passage?

Conditions during the Middle Passage were horrific due to overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and insufficient food and water. Enslaved Africans were often packed tightly into ships, leading to the spread of disease and high mortality rates. The oppressive heat and lack of ventilation compounded the suffering, resulting in a traumatic and dehumanizing experience for those on board. Many individuals did not survive the journey, which was characterized by violence and brutality.