White social reformers and humanitarians during the Progressive Era often believed that separate facilities for Black individuals were necessary to ensure their well-being, viewing segregation as a means to provide "better" services tailored to their perceived needs. This paternalistic approach reflected a deep-seated racial hierarchy, where reformers thought they were helping by maintaining social order and preserving white supremacy. Their support for separate hospitals and schools ultimately reinforced systemic racism and segregation instead of advocating for true equality and integration.
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