How did incorporation happen?

Incorporation refers to the process by which the Bill of Rights, originally applicable only to the federal government, was extended to state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. This occurred gradually through a series of Supreme Court rulings starting in the early 20th century. Landmark cases, such as Gitlow v. New York (1925) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961), played crucial roles in applying specific rights to the states, effectively ensuring that individual liberties are protected at both federal and state levels. This process significantly transformed the landscape of American civil rights and liberties.