In Gratz v. Bollinger the Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan and chief admissions officer violated . Title IX of the Education Amendments?

In Gratz v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan's undergraduate admissions policy, which awarded points based on race, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, not Title IX. The Court found that the policy was not narrowly tailored to achieve the goal of diversity and constituted a form of racial discrimination. This case highlighted the limitations of affirmative action in college admissions and set a precedent for how race can be considered in the admissions process.