Why is there a weak system of checks and balances in global affairs?

The weak system of checks and balances in global affairs arises primarily from the absence of a centralized authority to enforce international laws and norms. Sovereign states prioritize national interests, often sidelining collective agreements. Additionally, powerful nations can dominate international institutions, undermining their effectiveness. This results in a fragmented approach to global governance, where accountability and enforcement mechanisms are often inconsistent and ineffective.