Romanticism, which emerged in the late 18th century, emphasized individual emotion, nature, and the sublime, often in reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment and the industrial revolution. Concerns included a longing for the past, an idealization of nature, and a focus on personal experience and imagination over strict adherence to classical forms. Artists and writers sought to express deep feelings and the complexities of the human spirit, often highlighting themes of heroism, the supernatural, and the tension between humanity and the natural world. This movement raised questions about the role of art in society and the importance of subjective perception.
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