How many slaves died during the middle passage voyage from Africa to the Americas?

Estimates suggest that between 1.2 million and 2.4 million enslaved Africans died during the Middle Passage, the brutal journey across the Atlantic to the Americas. This staggering mortality rate resulted from factors such as overcrowding, disease, malnutrition, and brutal treatment by ship crews. Overall, it is believed that around 15-20% of enslaved individuals perished during the voyage. The exact numbers remain difficult to ascertain due to incomplete records.