During the Columbian Exchange, plants, animals, diseases, and people flowed primarily between the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the New World (the Americas). European explorers and colonizers brought crops like wheat and livestock such as cattle to the Americas, while they introduced crops like potatoes and maize back to Europe. Diseases like smallpox decimated Indigenous populations in the Americas, while syphilis spread to Europe from the New World. This exchange significantly impacted global agriculture, economies, and populations.
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