Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the last Shah of Iran, known for his modernization efforts and close alignment with the West. Shah Ruhollah Khomeini was a prominent Shia cleric and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic and the overthrow of the Pahlavi regime. Khomeini advocated for an Islamic government based on Shia principles, in contrast to Pahlavi's secular rule.
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