Can the prime minister and the president belong to the same party?

Yes, the prime minister and the president can belong to the same party, depending on the political system of a country. In parliamentary systems, it is common for both positions to be held by members of the same party, especially when that party has a majority in the legislature. However, in presidential systems, the president and the prime minister (if there is one) may belong to different parties, as their roles and powers are distinct. Ultimately, it varies by the specific political structure and electoral rules of each country.