When did categorizing people by race begin?

Categorizing people by race began in ancient civilizations, but it became more formalized in the 18th century with the work of scientists and philosophers who sought to classify humans based on physical characteristics. Notably, Carl Linnaeus and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach contributed to early racial classifications, linking physical traits to supposed inherent abilities and behaviors. This practice gained momentum during the colonial era, as European powers sought to justify their dominance over other peoples. The concept of race has evolved, leading to significant social and scientific critiques in contemporary discussions.