How can a dependent clause can act as which part of speech within the structure of a sentence?

A dependent clause can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb within a sentence. When it acts as a noun, it can serve as a subject or object, as in "What she said was surprising." As an adjective, it modifies a noun, such as in "The book that you lent me is fascinating." When functioning as an adverb, it provides information about a verb, as in "I’ll call you when I arrive."