What countries were involved in the treaty of westphalia and why?

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2026-08-07 07:06

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The Treaty of Westphalia, concluded in 1648, involved multiple countries, primarily the Holy Roman Empire, France, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic, along with Spain and various German principalities. The treaties aimed to end the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, which were fueled by religious conflicts and territorial disputes in Europe. The agreements established principles of state sovereignty and non-interference, significantly shaping the modern international order.

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