What is extrinsic peep?

Extrinsic PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure) refers to the pressure applied to the airway from an external source, typically during mechanical ventilation, to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. It enhances oxygenation by increasing functional residual capacity and improving ventilation-perfusion matching in the lungs. Extrinsic PEEP is often used in patients with respiratory failure or conditions like ARDS to support lung function and reduce the work of breathing. However, excessive PEEP can lead to over-distension of alveoli and decreased cardiac output.