Why did southern state government create poll taxesliteracy testand grandfather clauses?

Southern state governments implemented poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses primarily to disenfranchise Black voters and maintain white supremacy following the Reconstruction era. These measures aimed to circumvent the 15th Amendment, which granted African American men the right to vote, by imposing economic and educational barriers that disproportionately affected Black citizens. Grandfather clauses further ensured that those who could vote before certain laws were enacted could continue to do so, effectively exempting white voters from these restrictions while disenfranchising Black voters.