The Great Leap Forward, initiated by Mao Zedong in 1958, aimed to rapidly transform China from an agrarian society into an industrialized socialist state. However, it led to widespread famine, poor agricultural practices, and economic disruption, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 15 to 45 million people. The catastrophic failure of this campaign prompted the Chinese government to abandon it by 1960, as it became clear that the promised advancements were unattainable and the human cost was devastating.
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