In what way were the new forms of city government established during the Progressive Era different from those that preceded them?

During the Progressive Era, new forms of city government emerged that emphasized efficiency, professionalism, and accountability, contrasting sharply with the political machines and corruption that characterized earlier governance. Reforms such as the commission and city manager systems replaced the traditional mayor-council structure, allowing for more expert management and reducing partisan influence. Additionally, these new governments often incorporated public participation and transparency measures, reflecting the Progressive commitment to addressing social issues and improving urban life. Overall, the changes aimed to create more responsive and effective municipal administrations.