What practices made big business successful but at the same time open to criticism?

Big businesses often achieved success through practices like aggressive marketing, economies of scale, and cost-cutting, which allowed them to dominate markets and maximize profits. However, these strategies also drew criticism for prioritizing shareholder interests over ethical considerations, leading to exploitative labor practices, environmental degradation, and monopolistic behaviors. Additionally, their influence on politics and regulation raised concerns about corporate power undermining democratic processes. This duality highlights the tension between economic growth and social responsibility.