In 1863, the Union enacted the Enrollment Act, commonly known as the draft law, to address manpower shortages during the Civil War. This law mandated that eligible men between the ages of 20 and 45 could be conscripted into military service, although they could avoid service by paying a $300 commutation fee or finding a substitute. The law sparked significant controversy and resistance, culminating in violent protests, most notably the New York City Draft Riots in July 1863. Despite its unpopularity, the draft was crucial for sustaining Union forces in the war effort.
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