Which type of graphical source would best show how all the parts of a jet engine fit together?

The easiest source for you to get is a common publication such as "The Flight Handbook" written by aviation writer W.T. (Bill ) Gunston. This book has hundreds of aircraft 'cutaways', photos, drawings and diagrams. Chapters or Indigo should be able to locate this Excellent book, published in Britain by Iliffe Books and in US by Aero Publishers.