Small nonpolar molecules, such as oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), can easily pass through the cell membrane due to their size and hydrophobic nature. Additionally, small polar molecules like water (H₂O) can also permeate the membrane, although this process is facilitated by specific channels called aquaporins. Overall, the cell membrane's lipid bilayer allows these molecules to diffuse freely while restricting larger or charged substances.
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