Can you take vicodin prescribed to you if on probation?

Generally, no. You would tell your probation officer so they could document what you are taking. If a drug test comes up positive and the prescription drug can explain it then the positive result will be disregarded. Now that said, if you are on probation for abusing or selling prescription drugs, I imagine the court could/would require you to report any prescriptions you obtain before you fill them or take any of the drug, and if it an abusable drug the judge might require a statement from your doctor explaining the drug's necessity. This is just a guess on my part but it seems likely.