The United States was already deeply divided over pro and anti slavery ideologies. John Brown's militant stance and failed effort to steal weapons and mount a slave insurrection, while glorified by such a champion of civil unrest as Henry David Thoreau, who believed Brown's execution would elicit a rallying cry from all abolitionists, some well known abolitionist leaders like William Lloyd Garrison decried the action as the work of a misguided lunatic. However, almost universally in the south, the belief was that all northerners agreed with Brown's actions and were actively plotting their demise.
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